You probably
thought it could not get more unsettling. You were wrong.
Here is some
evidence. Former head of state, General Abdulsalami Abubakar,
addressed a
one-day forum organised by a group known as the Search for Common Ground on his
farm October 30. In it, he released some grim statistics about the killings and
maiming in clashes between Fulani herdsmen and peasant farmers in four states –
Plateau, Nasarawa, Kaduna and Benue – in just one year. These figures are
certain to chill your bones and make your eyes go rheumy for the present and
the future of our country.
Here are the
details he gave for 2016 only: 2,500 people killed; 62,000 people displaced;
$13.7 billion lost to the clashes and 47 per cent of the internally-generated
revenue in the affected states lost.
The problem
with statistics is that when they are about human beings, you cannot put faces
to them. Human beings are thus reduced to stark, impersonal numbers. The death
of 2,500 Nigerians and the displacement of 62,000 others may do no more than
give you a momentary jolt only for you to shrug it off. You are not likely to
think of them as struggling Nigerians in our rural areas who were doing nothing
criminal but pursuing their legitimate livelihood as peasant farmers who fed
the nation.
The real
shock is not that these killings, maiming and displacements go on with impunity
but that the Federal Government seems to be doing Rip Van Winkle in the face of
this critical national challenge. Abubakar rightly warned that these killings
are spreading beyond the four states. They have already gone beyond the four states.
He omitted killings in Taraba and parts of Adamawa states and, yes, Imo State.
Perhaps, he does not have the figures for those places. His statistics could go
chillingly higher if he adds Taraba and Adamawa to what he has.
I think it
is wrong to describe these killings as clashes. A clash is a violent conflict
between two groups of people and usually leaves casualties on both sides. From
what I have read about these attacks and killings, the attackers suffer no
casualties and there is no evidence that those attacked ever faced the
attackers or that they had a chance to fight back. These attacks and killings
are unprovoked and the attackers choose where and when to strike. They attack
when their intended victims are most vulnerable. In several cases in Plateau
State, for instance, the attackers came at night when the villagers were asleep
and killed and sacked whole villages and disappeared before day break. They did
the same thing several times in Agatu in Benue State. In no case was there any
evidence that Agatu people provoked them or had a chance to engage them.
In December
2015, they attacked parts of Southern Kaduna. The vicar-general of the Catholic
Diocese of Kafanchan, Rev Ibrahim Yakubu, said 880 people were killed; 53
villages destroyed, 1,422 houses burnt down and that 18 churches and one
primary school were also torched.
It would be
naïve to suggest that these killings are without rhyme or reason. Why are they
concentred in the north-central geo-political zone? Why, as in the case in
Southern Zaria, if the problem was between Fulani herdsmen and farmers in the
area, did they burn down churches? I wonder if this was intended to give a
false religious coloration to these murderous enterprises.
General
Abubakar stressed that these killings were wake up calls to all “relevant
stakeholders, state and Federal Government, legislatures, traditional rulers,
civil society organisations, security agencies and communities to address these
deadly conflicts.”
I hope his
voice has been heard where it matters. I am glad though that the former head of
state cares enough and is worried enough to underline the dangers they pose to
the nation. These killings, in his own words, are “…threatening the fragile
peace of the nation.” No country would tolerate these bands of killers or
pretend they pose no threat to the nation.
I find it
baffling that we have refused to find out who these Fulani herdsmen are and why
they kill and destroy without the slightest provocation. I do not think it is a
coincidence that they have concentrated their operations so far in the five
states of Taraba, Plateau, Southern Kaduna, Nasarawa and Benue. Their choice of
these theatres of their mayhem must be consistent with their dark objectives
unknown to the rest of us. Are these the other ugly face of Boko Haram?
I may be
naïve but I am unwilling to accept that the killers are Fulani herdsmen. The
times might have changed but these simple rural folk seem unlikely to arm
themselves with AK-47 and periodically engage in a killing spree and sending
those with whom they have no previous or current quarrel to their early graves.
I have always known that the Fulani herdsmen respect the fact that they are
strangers in an area where they find a suitable grazing ground for their
animals. I know they have always made efforts to be at peace with farmers.
So, what has
changed? I have this nervous feeling that Fulani herdsmen are now a franchise.
People kill and do other dirty jobs and find it easy to conveniently blame
Fulani herdsmen for them. Fact is, we do not want to know the truth.
In my column
for the Daily Trust after the attack in Southern Kaduna, I called them phantom
Fulani herdsmen. I am not aware that any of these attackers have ever been
arrested and charged with the heinous crimes of murder, arson and mayhem. Why
is the Federal Government unwilling to wake up to what the situation portends
for the country? Why are these men allowed to kill and destroy whole villages
with impunity?
I suspect
they must have faceless sponsors and godfathers whose aims and objectives they
are carrying out to the letter. We will never know unless and until we know
that these killers are not phantoms but fellow Nigerians who are terrorising
fellow Nigerians in their homes for some sinister reasons.
Two states,
Benue and Taraba, have enacted anti-open grazing laws. I have not read them
except what I picked up from the newspapers. The Taraba law is being challenged
in the court by the umbrella body of the herdsmen, Miyeti Allah. From the
little I have read of this piece of legislation, the state governor, Darius Ishaku,
wants the herdsmen to apply for and be allocated grazing land to which they
must confine their animals. It seems a pretty sensible approach to the problem.
The Northern Regional Government established ranches in various parts of the
region to ensure that the herdsmen did not roam at will with the potential for
conflicts with peasant farmers whose crops are destroyed by their cattle for
which they receive no compensation.
Both Taraba
and Benue states appear to have responded to the cattle Fulani challenge in
their own way. But beyond that, we need an urgent national policy with the
right muscle to ensure the herdsmen observe laws made for the common good. The
herdsmen are businessmen and like all businessmen, they must be subject to the
laws of the land. I find General Abubakar’s warning timely and to the point. We
need not be persuaded to wake up now, because the thought of waking up tomorrow
to a nightmare that could have been nipped in the bud must be abhorrent to all
of us.
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